UDC 316-053
https://doi.org/10.20339/AM.11-20.036
S.G. Ivchenkov is Dr.Sci. (Sociology), Prof., Dean of Sociological Faculty at Saratov National Research State University n.a. N.G. Chernyshevsky e-mail: ivchenkovsg@mail.ru; and M.S. Ivchenkova is Cand.Sci. (Sociology), Senior Scientific Researcher at Institute of Sociology FCTAS RAS e-mail: m.ivchenkova@gmail.com
Presented is analysis of results of sociological research of reproductive attitudes of young people in modern Russian society. The article states, that they are gradually transforming from traditional to adaptive ones. Reproductive attitudes are regulated partly by common norms and values and partly by personal reproductive views. However, they are changing. In the structure of life values of modern youth, children were ranked on the 3rd place in the hierarchy of importance (after health, family). While having a child is still dominant attitude, instrumental orientation to the child is strengthened. Only 18% of young people traditionally see the joy of life in children to some extent; 47% — categorically reject traditional attitudes to childhood as a guarantee of personal and family happiness; 14% — share liberal tolerant values of individualism in their reproductive attitudes. The modern young generation is characterized by an orientation towards having few children. This is manifested in a decrease in the orientation to have two children and an increase in the orientation to have only one child, or to be childfree. From one hand, that indicates the growing value of children themselves, from other hand that shows a reduction of having children among young people. A significant degree of actual distancing of reproductive behavior attitudes from traditional values and practices in this sphere of life, their individualization and rationalization are revealed. Young people who would like to have 2 or 3 children has only one especially among younger groups when their life strategy is more orientated on study, professional self-development and achievement economical comfort life. According to youth opinion the birth of a child brings more difficulties to life than positive changes, which provokes rationalism and pragmatism of individual reproductive attitudes of the younger generation. Unwillingness to have children contributes to the growth of contraceptive culture. Although, the development of contraceptive attitudes related to the reproductive sphere is slow, that provokes the problem of abortions or “accidental” “unwanted” children. Distribution of methods of making decisions about the birth of children and their number, as well as responsibility for the onset of pregnancy have already begun to acquire the character of asymmetry, shifted towards the woman.
Key words: youth, reproduction, youth reproductive attitudes, values, desired, expected and actual number of children.
References
1. Antonov, A.I. Sociology of birth (theoretical and methodological problems). Moscow, 1980.
2. Antonov, A.I., Medkov, V.M., Arkhangelsky, V.N. Demographic processes in Russia in 21st century. Moscow, 2002.
3. Arkhangelsky, V.N. Methodological problems of research of determination of demographic processes. In: Determination of demographic processes. Moscow, 2012.
4. Ballaeva, E.A. What is behind figures: reproductive rights of women in Russia and tasks of women movement. In: Reproductive rights of citizens in Russia: reality and waitings. Moscow, 1996. P. 7–11.
5. Batuev, A.S. Psycho-physiology nature of dominant of motherhood. In: Child stress. Brain and behavior. St. Petersburg, 1996. P. 3–4.
6. Belyaeva, M.A. Pedagogical cognition of the meaning “reproductive culture”. In: Meaning apparatus of pedagogy and education. Moscow, 2007. P. 273–285.
7. Borisov, M.A. Demography. Moscow, 2001.
8. Borisov, V.A. Perspectives of birth-rate. Moscow, 2015.
9. Borisov, V., Sinelnikov, A., Arkhangelsky, V. Abortions and planning of family in Russia: law and moral aspects (questionnaire of experts). Problems of statistic. 1997. No. 3. P. 75–80.
10. Vishnevsky, A.G., Sakevich, V.I., Denisov, B.P. Contraceptive revolution in Russia. Demographic survey. 2017. No. 1. P. 6–34.
11. Vishnevsky, A.G. Reproduction of population and society: History, modernity, look into the future. Moscow, 1982.
12. Volchenkova, E.V. Features of reproductive directives of modern youth. Vestnik of Vyatka state humanitarian university. 2014. P. 21–25.
13. Chosen All-Russian survey of reproductive plans of population. 2017. URL: https://gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/RPN17/index.htm
14. Vishnevsky, A.G. Demographic revolution changes reproductive strategy of Homo sapiens. URL: https://doi.org/10.17323/demreview.v1i1.1825
15. Gruzdeva, E.B., Chertykhina, E.S. State of women in society: conflict of roles. In: Society in various dimensions. Moscow, 1990. P. 147–167.
16. Eliseeva, I.I. Born and Non-born. Petersburg sociology today. 2018. Iss. 10. P. 204–223.
17. Woman in changing world. Moscow, 1992.
18. Zaripov, A.Ya., Zaripov, M.A. Liberal values and traditional views of society in the process of personal identification. Modern society: problems of theory, methodology, methods of social researches. 2014. Vol. 1. P. 50–55.
19. Mead, M. Masculine and female. Research in gender problem in changing world. Moscow, 2004.
20. Osykhina, A.S., Shubina, E.Yu., Elovikova, O.N. Reproductive views of students. International journal of experimental education. 2015. No. 12-1. P. 57–58.
21. Pyatunina, O.I., Shubina, O.A. Formation of traditional family values in vodern student youth. Pedagogy & modernity. 2016. No. 1 (21). P. 71–74.
22. Sonin, M.Ya. On some aspects of study of regularities of movement population and demographic policy. In: Demography policy. Moscow, 1974. P. 93–96.
23. Sociology of family. Moscow, 2005.
24. Yarskaya-Smirnova, E.R., Romanov, P.V. Social security of city mono-parental family. The world of Russia. 2004. No. 2. P. 69–95.
.png)
