Massovization and Professionalization of Universities in the Middle of the 20th Century: Sociocultural Effects

UDC 378

https://doi.org/10.20339/AM.10-22.011       

Svetlana V. Kostyukevich, Cand. Sc. (Sociology), Leading researcher at National Academy of Sciences of Republic of Belarus e-mail: svkostus@yahoo.com

The article analyzes the socio-cultural consequences of massovization and professionalization universities processes launched in the middle of the 20th century under the influence of the idea of profitability of education. It is giving some rationales for understanding why these processes disadvantages have become the decline in the value and prestige of intellectual labour (including a scientific one), which was shifted to the shoulders of ordinary people, whereas previously, intellectual labour and creativity were mainly the duties of wealthy people and, in general, social elites. It is concluded that as a result of the massification and professionalization of universities, a trend has been formed for the commercialization of higher education, which destroys the traditional models of university education.

Key words: profitability of education, massification and professionalization of universities, the gap between university and vocational education, changing the social role of the university, the prestige of intellectual culture and theoretical science, intellectual professions.

References

1.         Simon, B. Society and Education. Moscow: Progress, 1989. 200 p.

2.         Mezhuev, V.M., Zinoviev, A.A. Dialogue about Education. From the speeches at the meetings of the Russian Intellectual Club and the scientific conference in Moscow State University. Scientific and Philosophical Dialogues. 2004. No. 1. P. 25–42.

3. Huysen, T. The idea of the university: evolution of function, problems. Perspectives: Issues of Education. 1992. No. 3. P. 23–40.

4. Altbach, F.J. Models of development of higher education on the threshold of 2000. Prospects: Issues of Education. 1992. No. 3. P. 40–58.

5.         Hans, de Wit. Three models of higher Education. URL: https://www.rlcu.org.ar/recursos/E_0000032_003_EUROPEANHIGHEREDUCATION.pdf (accessed on: 02.07.2022).

6.         Kostiukevich, Svetlana V. University studies as training for the intellectual professions. Higher Education in Europe. 1996. Vol. XXI. No. 2–3. P. 203–213.

7.         Kotlyarov, I.V. Kostjukevich, S.V. The European University in the Context of Logic of Integration. European Journal of Higher Education. March 2011. Vol. 1. No. 1. P. 66–77.

8.         Kessidi, F.H. On One Peculiarity of the Mentality of the Ancient Greeks. Voprosy Philosophii. 1996. No. 2. P. 137–145.

9.         Yanovsky, Oleg. It is not enough to call oneself “elite”, it is necessary to be it. Interview 2018. URL: https://zavtra.ru/blogs/nedostatochno_nazivat_sebya_elitoj_eyu_nuzhno_bit_ (accessed on: 04.05.2022).

10.       Ilyin, I.A. Our Tasks. Historical Fate and the Future of Russia. Articles of 1948–1954. In 2 vols. Vol. 1. Moscow: MP “Rarog”, 1992.

11. Berdyaev, N.A. Origins and Meaning of Russian Communism. Moscow: Nauka, 1990. 224 p.

12. Alferov, J. Russia will stay as country without future if it doesn’t change attitude to science and education. Alma mater (Vestnik vysshei shkoly). 2007. No. 2. P. 49–56.