UDC 004.8:316.4
Maksim V. Norets*, Doctor of Philology, Docent, Head of the Department of Theory and Experience, Institute of Philology, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, e-mail: mnorets@yandex.ru
Nadezhda K. Norets, Candidate of Economics, Assistant Professor, Department of Business Informatics and Mathematical Modeling, Institute of Physics and Technology, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, e-mail: mnorets@yandex.ru
The rapid development of digital intelligence forms the necessity to state the rules of its functioning, since digital intelligence itself goes through certain stages of its development, the so-called maturation. Currently, the use and functioning of artificial intelligence (AI) is practically not regulated anyhow. Ethical difficulties arise: does artificial intelligence have the right to write speeches and reports for political leaders? Will ethical issues arise when artificial intelligence and humans-beings interact?
It should be taken into account that not every AI is thinking. In the process of creation and evolution of AI, the concepts of weak and strong artificial intelligence were formed (John Searle). The Turing test was proposed to determine the difference between strong and weak AI, but many weak AI systems have successfully passed it.
Definitely, AI is not a person, but it is an essence that can think, develop and form the rudiments of consciousness, perception of itself and the surrounding reality. If we take it as a constant that AI is a personality, then, according to the theory of personality development, the personality should change, mainly its qualitative characteristics. The development of the personality implies the process of changing the systemic qualities of an individual as a result of his interaction with the environment. In the process of this development, consciousness and self-awareness are formed. At this stage, with the exception of physiology and anatomy, the development of a human-being as a personality and AI as a personality are quite similar.
However, there is a theory of personality called social robot theories. It suggests that robots, including those with artificial intelligence, may have personality characteristics such as the ability to emotionally connect with people, perception of the environment and the ability to socially communicate.
Holistic personality traits appear as a result of the joint functioning of both levels, of all existing constructs among themselves. Based on this interaction, two types of personality can be distinguished: a cognitively complex personality (a personality with a large number of constructs and complex connections between their interactions) and a cognitively simple personality (a personality with a small, simplest set of constructs). If we consider artificial intelligence according to the cognitive theory of personality, then, undoubtedly, there is a correspondence of characteristics that has a different name, but perform the same functions. Also in cognitive theory, as well as in the theory of the development of artificial intelligence, strong and weak personalities are pointed out.
However, it is generally accepted that artificial intelligence still does not have a personality, because although it can imitate personality characteristics and communicate with people, this is still only an emulation. Artificial intelligence cannot feel, suffer, behave spontaneously, or demonstrate other traits of personality that are important characteristics of humans-beings.
Keywords: artificial intelligence, development, personality theory, cognitive theory
References
1. Apatova, N. V. (2022) Artificial Intelligence and Chatbot Security. Problems of information security of socio-economic systems: VIII All-Russian with international participation scientific and practical conference. Simferopol-Gurzuf, February 17-19, 2022 P. 4–5.
2. Bakumenko, M.A., Titarenko, D.V. (2021) Risks of developing artificial intelligence technologies. Theory and practice of financial, legal and accounting-analytical aspects of development: management of the region in the digital economy: Proceedings of the regional conference of students, undergraduates, graduate students, employees of enterprises, teachers. Simferopol, February 25, 2021 P. 169–171.
3. Bahteev, D.V. (2019) Artificial intelligence: ethical and legal foundations. Moscow, Prospekt.
4. Abdulaeva, P.Z., Osmanova, A.A. (2016) Some features of the basic elements of personality theory in psychology. International Journal of Experiential Education. No. 9-2. P. 233–239.
5. Bostrom, N. (2016) Artificial intelligence. Stages. Threats. Strategies. Translation by S. Filina. Moscow: Mann, Ivanov i Ferber. 496 p.
6. Ivanov, V.M. (2020) Intelligent systems: tutorial. Ekaterinburg: Publ. House of Ural university. P. 92.
7. Kapliev, A.S. (2020) Criticism of the national strategy for the development of artificial intelligence for the period until 2030. Law and the State: Theory and Practice. No. 2 (182). P. 51–53.
8. Laptev, V.A. (2019) The concept of artificial intelligence and legal responsibility for its work. Law. Journal of the Higher School of Economics. No. 2. P. 79–102.
9. Fundamentals of Artificial Intelligence: Tutorial (2020). E.V. Borovskaya, N.A. Davydova. 4 ed., electron. Moscow: Laboratoriia znanii. P. 130. (Pedagogical Education). System. requirements: Adobe Reader XI; screen 10". Caption from the title screen. Text: electronic.
10. Ostrouh, A.V. (2020) Introduction to artificial intelligence: monograph. Krasnoyarsk: Scientific Innovation Center. 250 p.
11. Petrikina, A.A., Primak, Ya.S. (2022) Artificial intelligence in the main legal proceedings of the Russian Federation: prospects and opportunities. Digital Technologies and Law: Proceedings of the I International Scientific and Practical Conference. Kazan, September 23, 2022. In 6 vols. Vol. 2. P. 176–179.
12. Radchenko, T.V. (2022) The role of artificial intelligence in the system of criminal law and criminal procedural relations. Digital Technologies and Law: Proceedings of the I International Scientific and Practical Conference. Kazan, September 23, 2022. In 6 vols. Vol. 2. P. 180–184.
13. Strategic management of the development of information security of socio-economic systems based on smart technologies: Monograph. (2022) L.M. Borshch, S.V. Gerasimova, A.R. Zharova et al. Simferopol: V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University Press. 392 p.
14. Tomiltseva, D.A., Zheleznov, A.S. (2020) The inevitable third: ethical and political aspects of interactions with artificial agents. Politiia. No. 4 (99). P. 90–107.
15. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated 10.2019 No. 490 “On the development of artificial intelligence in the Russian Federation.” URL: http://www.pravo.gov.ru, 11.10.2019, “Sobranie zakonodatel’stva RF”, 14.10.2019, No. 41, st. 5700.
16. Russell, S., Norvig, P. (2021) Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (Pearson Series in Artificial Intelligence). 4th ed.
.png)
